PARP inhibitors are a type of targeted cancer drug used primarily to treat some women with ovarian cancer, and are currently being trialled for other cancer types. Examples of PARP inhibitors include olaparib, niraparib, and rucaparib.
How Do PARP Inhibitors Work?
PARP, or poly-ADP ribose polymerase, is an enzyme that helps repair damaged cells. In cancer treatment, PARP inhibitors block this repair mechanism in cancer cells, causing the cells to die. This approach is particularly effective in cancers with faulty BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, which already have impaired cell repair systems. By inhibiting PARP, these drugs prevent cancer cells from repairing themselves, leading to cell death.
When Are PARP Inhibitors Used?
PARP inhibitors are currently used to treat ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers. Research is ongoing to determine their effectiveness in other cancers, such as lung, pancreatic, prostate, and certain brain tumours. In clinical trials, PARP inhibitors are sometimes used alone or in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or other targeted treatments.
Administration of PARP Inhibitors
PARP inhibitors are usually taken as tablets or capsules once or twice daily. The duration and frequency of treatment depend on the specific drug and type of cancer being treated.
Types of PARP Inhibitors
Common PARP inhibitors include olaparib (Lynparza), rucaparib (Rubraca), and niraparib (Zejula), primarily used for ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers. Research is also exploring other PARP inhibitors like veliparib for different types of cancer.
Side Effects
As with all treatments, PARP inhibitors can cause side effects, which may include an increased risk of infection, tiredness, nausea, diarrhoea, indigestion, headaches, dizziness, and changes in liver and kidney function. Regular blood tests are conducted to monitor these effects.
If you experience any side effects, it’s important to inform your doctor, as there may be medications available to help manage them.
